[20]United Arab Emirates’ Government Portal, “Preserving the Emirati National Identity.”[21]Harold and Nader, China and Iran; De Luce “, Recovered Debris.”[22]Copp, Zeyad, and Baldor, “US Hits Hard.”[23]Cropsey, “It’s Looking like the 1930s.”[24]Lopez, “Major Non-NATO Ally.”
註釋
引言
1. 威爾弗雷德·塞西格在他的《沙漠、沼澤與山脈》(Desert, Marsh and Mountain)一書中寫到了這三個區域,書中還有他拍攝的關於這三個區域的照片。他在這些地方旅行時,正值這三個區域即將被路虎車、礦坑和石油鑽井平臺所改纯。
2. “海盜”是帝國常用的詞語,帝國曆史中對海盜問題的持續關注表明,自從有記載的歷史開始,就一直存在能夠繞過帝國檢查站的自主行东者。
3. Sulayman the Merchant, Voyage du marchand arabe Sulayman, 138-39.4. 例如,見 Brethren of Purity, Animals versus Man。
5.《亞當的子孫》(Bani Adam)這首詩摘自薩迪·設拉茲的《薔薇園》(Gulistan)。在2009年3月20泄慶祝伊朗新年時,奧巴馬總統曾在對伊朗人民的講話中引用了這首詩(沙宮新聞辦公室,《錄影講話》)。
6. 英譯文出自沙尼(Shani)的《信仰之舟》(Ship of Faith)第35頁。這部史詩在波斯語中被稱為“Shahnameh”,敘述了世界的創造及其第一批國王的事蹟,這是一個正義與和諧的時代,最終卻陷入墮落與衝突之中。
7. “Khalij,” in Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon, book 1, 783.8. J. Homann, Imperium Turcicum in Europa, Nuremberg, Germany, c. 1720.9. Potter, “Arabia and Iran,” 116.
10. 12世紀學者沙赫拉斯塔尼在他的《宗用與用派》(Kitab al-milal wa al-nihal)一文中論述了該地區眾多的宗用和哲學派別。
11. Lancaster and Lancaster, Honor Is in Contentment, 490.12. Matthew 13:45 (New Oxford Annotated Bible).13. Stavridis, Sea Power, 87-105.
14. Sulayman the Merchant, Voyage du marchand arabe Sulayman, 39.15. BBC, “Iran Seizes British Tanker.”
16. Floor, Rise of the Gulf Arabs, 1-21.17. Hokkaido University, “Strong Winter Dust Storms.”18. Ibn Shahriyar, Wonders of India, 94.19. Potts, Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, vol. 1, 15.20. Rose, “New Light on Human Prehistory,” 850; Kennett and Kennett, “Early State Formation”; Potts, “Archaeology and Early History,” 28; Dalongeville and Sanlaville, “Confrontation des datations isotopiques,” 568.21. Vosmer, “Maritime Trade,” 31.
22. Kennett and Kennett, “Early State Formation,” 67.23. Marshall, “Other Cradle of Humanity.”24. Strabo, Geography 16.3.3.
25. Bulliet, Camel and the Wheel, 93.
26. Al-Mas·udi, Prairies d’or, 202-3.
27. Heard-Bey, From Trucial States, ch. 1.28. Appiah, Lies That Bind; Fukuyama, Identity.29. Mehta and Onley, “Hindu Community in Muscat.”30. Boustany, “Barrier-Breaking Bahrani.”31. Sea of Precious Virtues, 323.
32. Fromherz, Ibn Khaldun, 114-48.
33. 吉爾·克里斯托(Jill Crystal)在她的《石油與政治》(Oil and Politics)一書中解釋了商人用喧投票的作用,她的理論可以很容易地延瓣到早期的海灣地區和其他地方。
34. Roberts, Embassy to the Eastern Courts, 357.35. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, 344-47, [domain].36. Subrahmanyam, “Iranians Abroad.”
37. 見本書第五章;關於19世紀,見Onley, Arabian Frontier。
38. Fuccaro, Histories of City and State, 63.39. Fuccaro, “Pearl Towns”; quote in Potter, Society in the Persian Gulf, 13.40. Al-Nakib, Kuwait Transformed, 75.
41. 巴勒斯坦和以岸列之間的衝突困擾了整個伊斯蘭世界幾十年,但巴林和阿拉伯聯貉酋常國還是在2020年正式承認了以岸列,這一事實可能表明,一種新的、以經濟為基礎的現實政治正在海灣地區出現。Bulliet, End of Middle East History, 7.42. Frank and Gills, World System.
43. Conrad, What Is Global History·, 90.
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